BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from the malignant transformation melanocytes. Recent therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have improved prognosis outcome melanoma patients. BRAF one most frequently mutated oncogenes recognised in melanoma. The frequent oncogenic mutations consist a single point mutation at codon 600 (mostly V600E) that leads to constitutive activation BRAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signalling pathway. Therefore, has become useful target for molecular use kinase inhibitors shown promising results. However, several resistance mechanisms invariably develop leading failure. aim this manuscript review role mutational status pathogenesis its impact on differentiation inflammation. Moreover, focuses responsible therapies BRAF-mutated provides overview circulating biomarkers tumour cells, DNA, non-coding RNAs.